انتظار حسین کی یادداشت "اُجاڑ شہر" کے انگریزی ترجمہ میں "ثقافتی عناصر" کی ترجمانی :ایک مطالعہ

A Study of the English Translation of Cultural Specific Items of Intizar Hussain’s Memorandum “Ujaar Shehr”

Abstract

Bilingual translation is helpful in promoting the cultural interactions of two different languages on the one hand, on the other hand, it is a precise process during which the right of cultural interpretation cannot be duly done in many places.  If the culture of the source language and the target language are similar, the preservation of the culture of the source text is still possible to some extent, but in case of differences between the culture of the source language and the target language, the culture of the source text is often undermined. Despite this, the process of translation continues even between languages ​​with cultural differences. The example of this difference is prominent in English and Urdu. The difference between the two languages ​​is too much, yet it is common to translate the texts of these two languages simultaneously. However, the mistranslation for cultural specific items is common in this perspective. In this regard, the translator has a responsibility to adopt appropriate strategies for interpreting specific cultural items.

      References in Roman Script:

1. Under Translation is a process to omit some word of source text in such a way that the wholesome of the meaning of source text may be reduced in translation. In other words, the proper transformation of meaning of source text is suffered due to under translation.
2. Intizar Hussain, Ujaar Shehr, Included: Dili Tha Jis Ka Naam, Sang e Meel Publications, Lahore, 2003, P:150
3. Mujahid Eshai, Yesterday Lives On, Sang e Meel Publications, Lahore, 2017, P:147
4. Over Translation is a process to use such words in translation which are out of the source text. Sometime only a single word or so may be used during over translation while sometime examples of whole sentences may be found as over translation. These are called extensive words/phrases some of which may be accepted due to comprehensive nature while some of them are obviously unacceptable. These textual extensions often cannot be accepted even for comprehension rather they are considered a defect of translation due to translator’s imbrication over the writer’s thought.
5. Calque are the words of a language used in an other language in such a way that after minor reshaping, they become a part of the other langusage. The use of English word “October” as “Aktoobar” in Urdu is an example of Calque. Calque is translated respective to the source language.
6. Intizar Hussain, Ujaar Shehr, P:152
7. Mujahid Eshai, Yesterday Lives On, P:149
8. Intizar Hussain, Ujaar Shehr, P:152
9. Mujahid Eshai, Yesterday Lives On, P:149
10. Intizar Hussain, Ujaar Shehr, P:152
11. Mujahid Eshai, Yesterday Lives On, P:150
12. Intizar Hussain, Ujaar Shehr, P:153
13. Mujahid Eshai, Yesterday Lives On, P:150
14. Intizar Hussain, Ujaar Shehr, P:153
15. Mujahid Eshai, Yesterday Lives On, P:150
16. Intizar Hussain, Ujaar Shehr, P:153
17. Mujahid Eshai, Yesterday Lives On, P:151
18. Intizar Hussain, Ujaar Shehr, P:153
19. Mujahid Eshai, Yesterday Lives On, P:151
20. Intizar Hussain, Ujaar Shehr, P:153
21. Mujahid Eshai, Yesterday Lives On, P:151
22. https://shahjahanabad.eheritageproject.in/chitli-qabar/
23. Intizar Hussain, Ujaar Shehr, P:154
24. Mujahid Eshai, Yesterday Lives On, P:151
25. Intizar Hussain, Ujaar Shehr, P:154
26. Mujahid Eshai, Yesterday Lives On, P:152
27. Intizar Hussain, Ujaar Shehr, P:155
28. Mujahid Eshai, Yesterday Lives On, P:153
29. Intizar Hussain, Ujaar Shehr, P:155
30. Mujahid Eshai, Yesterday Lives On, P:153
31. Intizar Hussain, Ujaar Shehr, P:156
32. Mujahid Eshai, Yesterday Lives On, P:154.155
33. Intizar Hussain, Ujaar Shehr, P:156
34. Mujahid Eshai, Yesterday Lives On, P:155
35. Intizar Hussain, Ujaar Shehr, P:157
36. Mujahid Eshai, Yesterday Lives On, P:155.156