پاکستانی اُردو نظم میں جدیدیت: رجحانات کا تنقیدی جائزہ
Modernity in Pakistani Urdu Poetry: A Critical Review of Trends
Abstract
Before partition, Urdu Nazm had established as a firm genre of Urdu Poetry, with all this creativity and affection. In that era the Urdu Nazm was influenced by progressive movement. After creation of Pakistan Urdu Nazm has covered different subjects according to the circumstances, including progressive thoughts. In 1960, there was a new philosophy came across to Pakistan literature called Modernism. Modernism was a literary movement which was the result of European Renaissance. Modernism was a mindset which was based on novelty. This ideology had set untraditional style of expressing feelings and demanded newness in form and style, so to create something new they adopted symbolic writing style. Urdu literature accepted this new ideology, especially Pakistani Urdu Nazm in flounced more by this trend. Poets from Halqa Arbab-e-Zauq moved this new manner forward and gave a different style to Urdu Nazm. Noon Meem Rahid is the most significant and big name of this style and concept. Iftikhar Jalib, Wazir Aagha, Tasadduq Hussain Khalid, Zia Jalandhari, Anis Nagi, Tabassum Kashmiri etc. were also the important names whom adopted this manner very smartly.
References in Roman Script:
- Abid, Farhan, 2022, Nai Urdu Nazm-Ma’asir Takhliqi Tasalsul (1970 Kay Baad), AKS Publications, Lahore, P:15
- Siddiqui, Aqil Ahmed, 2019, Jadeed Urdu Nazm: Nazarya-o-Amal (1926 Ta 1970), AKS Publications, Lahore, P:280
- Sibt-e-Hasan, 2016, Afkar-e-Taza, Murattaba: Jafar Ahmed, Maktaba Daniyal, Karachi, P:222
- Ali, Mubarak, Dr., 2022, Isha’at Nahum, Europe ka Urooj, Tareekh Publication, Lahore, P:110
- Ibid
- Ibid, P:112-113
- Ibid, P:121
- Russell, Bertrand, Mutarjim: Taj Bahadur Taj, 2022, Falsafa-e-Maghrib Ki Tareekh, City Book Point, Karachi, P:438
- Ibid, P:468
- Ibid, P:469
- Ali, Mubarak, Dr., 2022, Europe Ka Urooj, Muhavvala-Bala, Pg-130
- Russell, Bertrand, Mutarjim: Taj Bahadur Taj, 2022, Falsafa-e-Maghrib ki Tareekh, Muhavvala-Bala, P:469
- Ali, Mubarak, Dr., 2022, Europe ka Urooj, Muhavvala-Bala, P:136
- Fareed-Ud-Din, 1982, Wajoodiat: Ta’aruf-o-Tanqeed, Aaghhi Publications, Hyderabad, P:10
- Hanafi, Shamim, 2019, Jadeediat Aur Sciencee Aqliat, Mashmula: Jadidiat, Murattabeen, Dr. Hammad Rasool Shakeel Hussain Syed, AKS Publications, Lahore, P:222
- Abbas, Mazhar, Dr., 2022, Urdu Novel Jadidiat Kay Tanazur Main, Fiction House, Lahore, P:286
- Parmar, Kalpesh Kumar, 2018, Modernism: Origion and Growth, Mashmoola: International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts Vol:6, P:295
- Abbas, Mazhar, Dr., 2022, Urdu Novel Jadidiat Kay Tanazur Main, Fiction House, Lahore, P:286
- Ibid, P:20
- Parmar, Kalpesh Kumar, 2018, Modernism: Origion and Growth, Mashmoola: International Creative Research, Vol:6, P:294
- Childs, Peter, 2002, Modernism, Routledge, London, P:1
- See: https://essaypro.com/blog/modernism-in-literature/23/01/2023
- Fareed-Ud-Din, 1982, Wajoodiat: Ta’aruf-o-Tanqeed, Aaghhi Publications, Hyderabad, P:17
- See: https://essaypro.com/blog/modernism-in-literature/23/01/2023
- Ibid
- Abbas, Mazhar, Dr., 2022, Urdu Novel Jadidiat Kay Tanazur Main, Fiction House, Lahore, P:287
- Abdul Qadir, 1965, Jadeed Shairi Main Ishariat Aur Ibham, Mashmoola: Nigar Pakistan Salnama 1965, P:299
- Russell, Bertrand, Mutarjim: Taj Bahadur Taj, 2022, Falsafa-e-Maghrib Ki Tareekh, Muhavvala Bala,
- Childs, Peter, 2002, Modernism, Routledge, London, P:55
- Karamat Ali Karamat, Jadeed Shairi Aur Uss Ka Pasmanzar, Mashmoola: Nigar, Pakistan, Salanama, 1965, P:304
- Abbas, Mazhar, Dr., 2022, Urdu Novel Jadidiat Kay Tanazur Main, Fiction House, Lahore, P:29
- Childs, Peter, 2002, Modernism, Muhavvala-Bala, P:51
- Pani Pati, Jamal, 2005, Jadidiat Ki Iblisiat, Akadmi Bazyaft, Karachi, P:188
- Ibid
- Zia-Ul-Hassan, Dr., 2012, Jadeed Urdu Nazm, Aaghaz-o-Irtaqa, Sanjh Publications, Lahore, P:23
- Amjad, Sajid, Dr., 1989, Urdu Shairi Per Barr-e-Saghir Kay Tehzibi Asrat, Ghazanfar Academy, Karachi, P:349
- Ibid
- Ibid, P:350
- Nayyer, Nasir, Abbas, 2024, Uss Ko Ik Shakhs Samajhna Tou Munasib Hi Nahi (Mira Ji Ki Nazm Aur Nasp Kay Mutalat), Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore, P:178
- Jaffry, Fuzail, 1995, Nazm Ka Maujooda Manzar Nama, Mashmoola: Urdu Nazm 1960 Kay Ba’ad, Urdu Akadmi, Delhi, P:9
- Siddiqui, Aqil Ahmed, 2019, Jadeed Urdu Nazm: Nazarya-o-Amal (1926 ta 1970), AKS Publications, Lahore, P:280
- Aafaqi, Muhammad Yaseen, 2019, Jadeed Urdu Nazm Main Hayat Kay Tajurbay, Majlis-e-Taraqqi-e-Adab, Lahore, P:430
- Komal, Balraj, 1995, Jadeed Nazm Kay Imkan-o-Aafaq, Mashmoola: Urdu Nazm 1960 Kay Ba’ad, Urdu Akadmi, Delhi, P:70
- Rashid, Noon-Meem, 2011, Kulyat-e-Rashid, Kitabi Dunya, Delhi, P:299
- Azfar, Imran, 2013, Nai Urdu Nazm, Nai Takhliqi Jehat, Purab Academy, Islamabad, P:110
- Jalandhari, Zia,
rekhta.org/searea/nazm?q=zia%20jalandhari%20nazm%20sambhala
- Aagha, wazir, 1974, Wazir Aagha Ki Nazmain, Murattaba: Ghulam Hussain Azhar, Maktaba Urdu Zaban, Sargodha, P:123
- Naeem, Muhammad, 2012, Urdu Azad Nazm Mai Imagery, Ph.D, Maqala (Ghair Matbua), Government Islamia College, Lahore, P:409
- Hanafi, Shamim, 2008, Jadidiat Aur Nai Shairi, Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore, Pg-311
- Siddiqui, Aqil Ahmed, 2019, Jadeed Urdu Nazm: Nazarya-o-Amal (1936 Ta 1970), AKS Publications, Lahore, Pg-324
- Rashid, Noon-Meem, Sunnadarur, Kulyat-e-Rashid, Mawra Publishers, Lahore, Pg-512
- Ali Ehtisham, 2015, Jadeed Urdu Nazm Mai Asri Hissiyat, Sanjh, Publications, Lahore, P:70
- Ibid, P:86
- Salim-Ur-Rahman, Muhammad, 2019, Nazmain, Qausain, Lahore, P:86
- Ali, Ehtisham, 2015, Jadeed Urdu Nazm Mai Asri Hissiyat, Sanjh Publications, Lahore, P:179
- Ibid, P:155
- Saeed, Sa’adat, 2017, Urdu Nazm Mai Jadidiat Ki Tehreek, Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore, P:272
- Nayyar Nasir, Abbas, 2014, Lisaniyat Aur Tanqeed, Porab, Islamabad, P:163
- Rashid, Noon-Meem, Sunnadarur, Kulyat-e-Rashid, Mawra Publishers, Lahore, P:386
- Ali, Ehtisham, 2015, Jadeed Urdu Nazm Mai Asri Hissiyat, Sanjh Publications, Lahore, P:62
- Ibid
- Saeed, Sa’adat, 2017, Urdu Nazm Mai Jadidiyat Ki Tehreek, Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore, P:249
- Aafaqi, Muhammad Yaseen, 2019, Jadeed Urdu Nazm Mai Haiyat Kay Tajrabay, Majlis-e-Taraqqi-e-Adab, Lahore, P:252
- Ibid, P:201
- Saeed, Sa’adat, 2017, Urdu Nazm Mai Jadidiyat Ki Tehreek, Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore, P:ؒ297
- Rashid, Noon-Meem, Sunnadarur, Kulyat-e-Rashid, Mawra Publishers, Lahore, P:513